Hand and Wrist Pain

Pain in the hand and wrist can significantly impact daily activities, making routine tasks difficult. Activities such as gripping or lifting objects, writing, typing, or even simple tasks like brushing your teeth can become challenging. Everyday actions like turning a doorknob may seem impossible when experiencing pain in these areas.

Fortunately, various treatments and lifestyle adjustments can help manage the pain. However, identifying the underlying cause of the pain is crucial for determining the most effective treatment. A proper diagnosis is essential in this regard.

Identifying The Source Of Hand And Wrist Pain

The hand and wrist comprise bones, ligaments, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves. Pain can originate from any of these structures due to injury or an underlying medical condition. Common pain locations include the thumb, index finger, middle finger knuckles, and the palm side of the wrist. Conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome can also cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the fingers, thumb, or palm.

Pain may also result from unrelated conditions such as arthritis or gout. Being aware of other symptoms is vital for an accurate diagnosis.

Conditions Associated With Hand And Wrist Pain

Several conditions can cause pain in the hand and wrist, including the following:

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) occurs when the median nerve, which provides sensation and movement to parts of the hand, becomes compressed at the wrist. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, pain, and reduced grip strength in the hand and fingers. CTS can result from repetitive motions like typing or writing for long periods.

Arthritis

Arthritis leads to inflammation in the joints, causing pain and stiffness. The most common types are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). RA is an autoimmune condition, whereas OA is due to wear and tear on the joints over time. Both types cause swelling, pain, and reduced mobility in the hand and wrist.

Tendonitis

Tendonitis occurs when tendons become inflamed and irritated, often from repetitive motions like playing an instrument or typing. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and stiffness in the hand and wrist.

Gout

Gout, a form of arthritis, is caused by a buildup of uric acid due to the body’s inability to metabolize it properly. It can cause sudden, severe pain in the joints, including those of the hand 

and wrist. Other symptoms include redness, swelling, and stiffness.

Injuries

Injuries such as sprains or fractures can cause pain in the hand and wrist, often accompanied by swelling, bruising, and reduced mobility. These injuries can occur from various activities, including sports or using tools.

Nerve Entrapment

Nerve entrapment involves a nerve in the hand and wrist becoming pinched or compressed, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. This can result from inflammation due to injury or illness, as well as repetitive motions.

Ganglion Cyst

A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled sac that can develop on or near a joint in the hand and wrist. It can be caused by repetitive motions, overuse injuries, trauma, or underlying conditions like arthritis. Symptoms include pain, swelling, weakness, or numbness. Ganglion cysts are usually harmless and may not require treatment unless they cause pain or interfere with daily activities.

Stenosing Tenosynovitis

Stenosing tenosynovitis, also known as “trigger finger,” occurs when a finger becomes stuck in a bent position due to inflammation of the flexor tendon. The affected finger may be difficult to straighten and may cause pain or produce a popping or clicking sound when moved. Overuse of the finger is a common cause, but it can also be related to conditions like diabetes or arthritis.

When To Seek Medical Attention

Not all hand pain requires treatment, especially if it is mild and resolves quickly. However, you should seek medical attention if you experience prolonged symptoms or if the pain affects your daily activities. These symptoms include:

• Numbness and tingling
• Weakness
• Inability to hold objects
• Inability to move the wrist

Diagnosing Hand And Wrist Pain

To diagnose hand and wrist pain accurately, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history and perform a physical examination to check for swelling or discoloration. Additional tests, such as MRI scans, X-rays, or nerve conduction studies, may be necessary to further diagnose the condition.